Browsing by Author "Radojković M."

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Application of conventional and non-conventional extraction approaches for extraction of Erica carnea L.: Chemical profile and biological activity of obtained extracts
(2017) Veličković V.; Đurović, Saša; Radojković M.; Cvetanović, Aleksandra; Švarc Gajić J.; Vujic J.; Trifunović, Srećko; Mašković, Pavle
© 2017 Elsevier B.V. Erica carnea L. or spring heath, is a perennial evergreen shrub, which belongs to the Ericaceae botanical family, which plant species are known for their biological activity and medical application. Despite the wide range of biological activity and medical application, Erica carnea L. has not been studied. This study deals with the application of conventional and non-conventional extraction approaches for isolation of bioactive compounds from the plant. Obtained extracts was tested regarding their chemical profile (total phenolics, flavonoids, condensed tannins, gallotannins and anthocyanins contents) and biological activity (antioxidant, cytotoxic and antibacterial activities). Phenolic profile of extracts was established using HPLC-DAD analysis where rosmarinic acid and rutin were dominant compounds. Results of antioxidant and cytotoxic activities demonstrated the domination of subcritical water extract, while ultrasound-assisted extract exhibited the highest total antibacterial activity. Presented results demonstrated that plant Erica carnea L. might be used as a potential source of biologically compounds.
Biological activities and chemical composition of Morus leaves extracts obtained by maceration and supercritical fluid extraction
(2016) Radojković M.; Zeković Z.; Mašković, Pavle; Vidovic, Senka; Mandić A.; Misan, Aleksandra; Đurović, Saša
© 2016 Elsevier B.V. Supercritical CO2 extraction of Morus species (Morus alba and Morus nigra) was performed and compared with maceration as conventional extraction technique. Composition and biological activity of extracts were evaluated. The thirteen fatty acids were quantified in obtained extracts by GC-FID analysis. Their percentages varying from 0.33% for palmitoleic acid (C16:1) to 37.57% for α-linolenic acid (C18:3 n3). The main fatty acids were palmitic acid (C16:0) (26.38 and 25.99%), α-linolenic acid (C18:3 n3) (34.97 and 37.57%) and linoleic acid (C18:2 n6c) (14.76 and 16.05%). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined using spectrophotometric methods, while phenolic profile was determined using HPLC-DAD analysis. Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities were also determined. Main phenolic compound was caffeic acid. Rutin, derivatives of caffeic acid and quercetin were also presented in high amounts. Our findings demonstrated that Morus CO2 extracts possess significant characteristics and may be suggested as a new potential source of natural compounds.
Biological activities of phenolic compounds and ethanolic extract of Halacsya sendtneri (Boiss) Dőrfler
(2012) Mašković, Pavle; Dragišić Maksimović, Jelena; Maksimović, Vuk; Blagojevic, Jelena; Vujosevic M.; Manojlovic, Nedeljko; Radojković M.; Cvijović M.; Solujic A.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the ethanolic extract of endemic plant Halacsya sendtneri in inhibiting the growing of the test fungi and bacteria as well as to determine its genotoxic potential and toxicity using the Allium anaphase-telophase assay. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined for 15 indicator strains of pathogens, representing both bacteria and fungi. The highest susceptibility to the ethanolic extract of H. sendtneri was exhibited by Pseudomonas glycinea (FSB4), (MIC=0. 09 mg/ml) among the bacteria, and by Phialophora fastigiata (FSB81), (MIC=1. 95 mg/ml) among the fungi. The composition of H. sendtneri extracts was also determined using HPLC analysis. Rosmarinic acid was found to be the dominant phenolic compound. The Allium anaphase-telophase genotoxicity assay revealed that the ethanolic extract of H. sendtneri at concentrations of 31. 5 mg/l and below does not produce toxic or genotoxic effects. This is the first report of chemical constituents, genotoxic and antimicrobial activities of the endemic species, H. sendtneri. © 2012 Versita Warsaw and Springer-Verlag Wien.
Biological activity and chemical profile of Lavatera thuringiaca L. extracts obtained by different extraction approaches
(2018) Mašković, Pavle; Veličković V.; Đurović, Saša; Zeković Z.; Radojković M.; Cvetanović, Aleksandra; Švarc Gajić J.; Mitic, Milan; Vujic J.
© 2017 Elsevier GmbH Background Lavatera thuringiaca L. is herbaceous perennial plant from Malvaceae family, which is known for its biological activity and richness in polyphenolic compounds. Despite this, the information regarding the biological activity and chemical profile is still insufficient. Purpose Aim of this study was to investigate biological potential and chemical profile of Lavatera thuringiaca L., as well as influence of applied extraction technique on them. Study design and methods Two conventional and four non-conventional extraction techniques were applied in order to obtain extracts rich in bioactive compound. Extracts were further tested for total phenolics, flavonoids, condensed tannins, gallotannins and anthocyanins contents using spectrophotometric assays. Polyphenolic profile was established using HPLC-DAD analysis. Biological activity was investigated regarding antioxidant, cytotoxic and antibacterial activities. Four antioxidant assays were applied as well as three different cell lines for cytotoxic and fifteen bacterial strain for antibacterial activity. Results and conclusion Results showed that subcritical water extraction (SCW) dominated over the other extraction techniques, where SCW extract exhibited the highest biological activity. Study indicates that plant Lavatera thuringiaca L. may be used as a potential source of biologically compounds.
Biological activity of extracts of traditional wild medicinal plants from the Balkan Peninsula
(2019) Vujanović M.; Zengın G.; Đurović, Saša; Mašković, Pavle; Cvetanović, Aleksandra; Radojković M.
© 2018 South African Association of Botanists The aim of the present study was to investigate antioxidant, cytotoxic and enzyme-inhibitory activities of wild growing medicinal herbs in the Balkan Peninsula (Morus nigra L., Symphytum officinale L., Sambucus nigra L., Teucrium chamaedrys L. and Teucrium montanum L.). Notably, antioxidant activity of investigated plant species was confirmed through several assays including free radical scavenging (ABTS), reducing power (CUPRAC), phosphomolybdenum and metal chelating test. Cytotoxic activity was evaluated using three different cell lines: Hep2c, RD and L2OB. S. officinale L. and S. nigra L. showed the highest cytotoxic activity. All studied extracts exhibited remarkable inhibitory effects on tested enzymes. S. nigra L. and T. chamaedrys L. exhibited the strongest tyrosinase inhibitory effects (26.62 ± 0.77 extract and 14.72 ± 0.41 mg KAEs/g, respectively), while S. officinale L. was the most potent in terms on α-glucosidase inhibition (11.47 ± 0.05 mmol ACAE/g extract). The obtained results indicate that the extracts of the tested wild grown plants could be used which can be explored as natural medicines for the promotion of health.
Chemical and biological screening of stinging nettle leaves extracts obtained by modern extraction techniques
(2017) Zeković Z.; Cvetanović, Aleksandra; Švarc Gajić J.; Gorjanovic, Stanislava ; Suznjevic D.; Mašković, Pavle; Savic, Sasa; Radojković M.; Đurović, Saša
© 2017 Elsevier B.V. Biologically active compounds were isolated from stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) leaves using non-conventional extraction techniques such as ultrasound-assisted (UAE), microwave-assisted (MAE) and subcritical water extraction (SCW). Based on the extraction efficiency of six various solvents determined preliminary, water was selected as appropriate solvent for further extraction. The highest total phenolics (463.59 mg CAE/g SN) and flavonoids (11.00 mg CE/g SN) contents, and antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenging (IC50 = 16.93 μg/mL), reducing power (EC50 = 30.07 μg/mL) and polarographic assays (HPMC = 243.2%/mL) were ascribed to SCW extract. Cytotoxic and antimicrobial assays also confirmed domination of SCW technique. Superior cytotoxic activity against Hep2c, RD and L2OB cell lines (13.42 μg/mL, 9.69 μg/mL and 7.52 μg/mL, respectively) and potent antimicrobial activity extract against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 9.76 μg/mL) were also observed. The highest number of individual phenolic compounds were found in MAE extract. Rutin was identified as the most dominant compound in UAE, MAE and SCW extracts (578.36 μg/g, 722.83 μg/g and 215.49 μg/g, respectively), while sinapic acid as the most dominant phenolic acid (50.49 μg/g, 63.12 μg/g and 18.08 μg/g, respectively).
Could elderberry fruits processed by modern and conventional drying and extraction technology be considered a valuable source of health-promoting compounds?
(2023) Terzić M.; Majkić, Tatjana; Zengın G.; Beara, Ivana; Cespedes-Acuña C.; Čavić, Dejan; Radojković M.
The influence of drying and extraction processes on the phytochemical composition and biopotential of elderberry is challenging for the food industry. For this reason in this research two drying techniques (lyophilization and natural convection) and three extraction techniques (ultrasound (UAE), microwave (MAE), and conventional (maceration (MAC)) was applied using two”green” solvents (water and 50 % ethanol). Results of the research showed that lyophilization was a better way of drying than natural convection, while MAE extraction was the most efficient technique for the isolation of secondary metabolites. The most abundant phenolic compounds established by LC-MS/MS analysis, were chlorogenic acid and rutin, identified in extracts of lyophilized elderberries. Elderberry extracts achieved great antioxidant (CUPRAC: 2.30–5.13 mg TE/mL) and enzyme inhibitor potential (α-amylase: 0.51–8.34 mg ACAE/mL). The results suggest that elderberry is a rich natural source of bioactive compounds and could be used for the future development of dietary supplements and functional foods.
Free radical scavenging activity and total phenolic and flavonoid contents of mulberry (Morus spp. L., Moraceae) extracts
(2012) Radojković M.; Zeković Z.; Vidovic, Senka; Kočar D.; Mašković, Pavle
Mulberry (Morus spp. L., Moraceae) fruit, leaves, bark and branches have been used in traditional medicine as diuretic, hypoglycemic and hypotensive medicaments. The mechanism of their effects is correlated with the content of active components. The objective of this work was to evaluate and compare antioxidant properties of different extracts of two Morus species growing in Serbia: Morus alba L. (white mulberry) and Morus nigra L. (black mulberry). Potential antioxidant activity, content of antioxidant compounds (phenolics and flavonoids) and radical scavenging capacity, tested by the DPPH method, were evaluated. The phenolic and flavonoid composition of different Morus extracts was determined by the HPLC method. The extracts prepared from fruits, leaves and roots of M. alba and M. nigra exhibited different characteristics. The highest extraction yield was achieved by M. alba leaves extraction (23.40%). M. nigra roots extract showed the highest total phenolics (186.30 mg CAE/g), while the highest total flavonoids content (67.37 mg RE/g) was determined for M. nigra leaves extracts. In addition, black mulberry leaf extracts with the highest antioxidant activity had the highest phenolic acids contents. The dominant phenolic components in the samples were rutin and chlorogenic acid. All investigated mulberry dry extracts showed high content of phenolic compounds and significant antioxidant activity. This work contributes to knowledge of the antioxidant properties of Morus species. The obtained results may be useful in the evaluation of new dietary supplements and food products.
HPLC Analysis, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Daphne cneorum L
(2012) Manojlovic, Nedeljko; Mašković, Pavle; Vasiljević, Perica; Jelic, Ratomir; Juskovic, Marina; Sovrlic, Miroslav; Mandic L.; Radojković M.
The present study describes in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of methanol extracts obtained from the leaves and twigs of the plant Daphne cneorum L. The antimicrobial activity of these extracts was tested against human pathogenic microorganisms using a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. Total phenolics and flavonoids, as well as the antioxidant activity of the extracts were determined. The two tested extracts showed good antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The results of a high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method showed that 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin is one of the most abundant secondary metabolite in the tested extracts. The results of this study clearly indicated that the extracts of D. cneorum could be used as a potential source of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents.
Influence of steeping time on biological activity of black mulberry leaves tea
(2016) Čestić S.; Radojković M.; Cvetanović A.; Mašković, Pavle; Đurović, Saša
Black mulberry leaves teas (BMLTs) were prepared using boiled water and different steeping time (5 10, 20, 35 and 45 minutes). In order to establish the connection between steeping time and tea quality, total phenolics content (TPC), total flavonoids content TFC contents were measured, as well as two antioxidant assays (DPPH and reducing power assays), alone with antimicrobial and cytotoxic tests. The obtained results showed that TPC, TFC, IC50 and EC50 values increased with the increase in steeping time, while antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity exhibited different tendency. Based on the obtained results, the 10-minute steeping time was the optimum for tea preparation and this tea was used for the determination of polyphenolic profile using HPLC-MS technique. The results showed that the main compounds in BMLT were chlorogenic and caffeic acids with the contents of 7226.00 and 537.52 μg/g, respectively.
Measuring Patients' Knowledge about Adverse Effects of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
(2019) Jankovic, Slobodan; Dajic M.; Jacovic S.; Markovic, Slavica; Papic L.; Petrusic V.; Radojković M.; Rankovic A.; Tanaskovic M.; Vasic M.; Vukicević D.; Zaric R.; Kostic M.
© 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. Background Knowledge about adverse effects of medications is an important part of proper medication use and prerequisite for good treatment adherence. Objective The aim of our study was to construct, develop, and test a new questionnaire for the measurement of patients' knowledge about adverse drug reactions of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Methods The 8-item questionnaire was constructed to measure adverse reactions to ACE inhibitors. The questions were closed, with 7 offered answers, in the form of a Likert scale. It was tested for psychometric properties on patients who visited their general practitioners at state-owned health facilities in 5 Serbian cities: Belgrade, Kragujevac, Banja Luka, Gracanica, and Despotovac. Results The questionnaire was tested on 259 patients from general practice, taking an ACE inhibitor for more than 3 months. Experience with at least 1 adverse effect of ACE inhibitor was reported in 64 patients (24.7%), only 94 patients (36.3%) previously received any form of information about at least 1 adverse effect of ACE inhibitors from health workers, and only 42% expressed knowledge of any adverse events. The patients who were informed knew about the following adverse events as phrased in the official patient information leaflets: Severe dizziness or light-headedness (44%); cough (37%); swelling of the hands, face, lips, or tongue (32%); indigestion (22%); headache (51%); and difficulty in breathing (15%). The questionnaire showed satisfactory internal consistency, with Cronbach α of 0.767, and individual scores correlated with general education of the patients. Factorial analysis revealed 2 domains (subscales): The first one with 5 questions is directed to adverse effects the patients may physically experience directly, whereas the second with 3 questions measures knowledge about adverse effects that could be experienced only indirectly, through conditions caused by the adverse effects. Conclusions The questionnaire about knowledge of ACE inhibitors' adverse effects is a reliable and probably valid instrument for measuring patients' knowledge about adverse effects of ACE inhibitors.
Onosma aucheriana: A source of biologically active molecules for novel food ingredients and pharmaceuticals
(2015) Mašković, Pavle; Diamanto L.; Vujic J.; Cvetanović, Aleksandra; Radojković M.; Gadzuric S.; Zengın G.
© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. The phenolic profile, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of O. aucheriana aqueous extract were investigated. HPLC-DAD (high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector) technique was used to define the profile of phenolic compounds of the resultant extract. Antioxidant properties were evaluated using different methods, including phosphomolybdenum, free radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation assays. Rosmarinic, gallic and p-hydroxybenzoic acids were determined as the major phenolic compounds. Human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD), human cervix carcinoma (Hep2c) and murine fibroblast (L2OB) cell lines were used to examine the cytotoxicity of the extract. The IC50 (inhibitory concentration at 50%) values ranged from 25.54 to 40.34 μg/mL. These results suggest that this species may be considered as a valuable candidate for preparing new food and drug formulations.
Optimization of the Extraction Process of Antioxidants from Orange Using Response Surface Methodology
(2016) Mašković, Pavle; Diamanto L.; Cvetanović, Aleksandra; Radojković M.; Spasojevic, Miroslav; Zengın G.
© 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York. Different extraction conditions may significantly influence extraction of particular compound groups. In the present study, response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box–Behnken design was used to define the best combination of extraction temperature (20–60 °C), ethanol concentration (10–90 %) and extraction time (60–180 min) for maximum yield of antioxidant compounds and maximum antioxidant activity of orange extracts. Experimental values of total phenol yields were in the range from 3.10 to 3.72 mgGAE/ml, while total flavonoid content was in the range from 1.42 to 2.13 mgRE/ml. Antioxidant activity expressed as the 50 % inhibition concentration (IC50 value) was in the range from 0.03 to 0.04 mg/ml. The experimental results were fitted to a second-order quadratic polynomial model, and they have shown a good fit to the proposed model (R2 > 0.90). Determined optimized conditions for maximizing yield of antioxidant compounds were within the experimental range.
Patent law protection of inventions in medicine and pharmaceutical industry
(2013) Miladinović, Zoran; Varga, Siniša; Radojković, Marija
Phenolic content, antioxidant and antifungal activities of acetonic, ethanolic and petroleum ether extracts of Hypericum perforatum L.
(2011) Mašković, Pavle; Mladenovic, Jelena; Cvijović, Milica; Aćamović-Đoković, Gordana; Solujić, Slavica; Radojković M.
The objective of this study was to evaluate antifungal and antioxidant activities of Hypericum perforatum L. extracts against the growth of certain fungi. The ethanolic, acetonic and petroleum ether extracts of the plant were evaluated for phenols, flavonoids and nonflavonoids. The highest amounts of phenols (17.6 mg EPC/g dry extract) and flavonoids (16.85 mg EPC/g dry extract) were found in the acetonic extract. The highest inhibitory effect on the growth of Penicillium canescens, Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus glaucus and Phialophora fastigiata by the disk diffusion method was exhibited by the ethanolic extract at the concentration of 25 mg/disk. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the ethanolic and petroleum ether extracts was 20 mg/mL. The acetonic extract did not affect the growth of the tested fungi. Antioxidant activity was assessed by determining 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of Hypericum perforatum L. possesses antioxidant activity. The IC50; values, defined as the concentration of the test sample leading to 50% reduction of the free radical concentration, determined for each measurement were <7.8125, 105.9, 5.99 and 12.77 μg/ml for the ethanolic extract, the acetonic extract, ascorbic acid and BHT, respectively, for DPPH free radical scavenging activity.
Phytochemical screening and biological activity of extracts of plant species Halacsya sendtneri (Boiss.) Dörfl
(2012) Mašković, Pavle; Manojlovic, Nedeljko; Mandić A.; Misan, Aleksandra; Milovanović I.; Radojković M.; Cvijović M.; Solujic A.
This study is aimed at examining total polyphenol, flavonoid, gallotannin and condensed tannins contents in acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether extracts of Halacsya sendtneri (Boiss.) Dörfl., their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, as well as identifying and quantifying the phenolic components. The antioxidant activity is consistent with the results of total quantity of phenolic compound. The results showed that the acetone extract of plant species Halascya sendtneri (Boiss.) Dörfl. possessed the highest antioxidant activity. The IC50 values determined were: 9.45±1.55μg/mL for DPPH free radical scavenging activity, 13.46±1.68μg/mL for inhibitory activity against lipid peroxidation, 59.11±0.83μg/mL for hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and 27.91±0.88μg/mL for ferrous ion chelating ability. The antimicrobial activity was tested using broth dilution procedure for determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The MICs were determined for 8 selected indicator strains. All of the extracts showed strong to moderate strong antimicrobial activity. The phenolic composition of Halacsya sendtneri extracts was determined by the HPLC method. The dominant phenolic compound in acetone, chloroform and ethyl acetate extract is rosmarinic acid. Ethyl acetate extract was also abundant in p-hydroxybenzoic acid and ferulic acid. The main compounds in petrol ether extract were chlorogenic acid and quercetin.
Studies on the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity and chemical composition of the essential oils of kitaibelia vitifolia
(2013) Mašković, Pavle; Radojković M.; Ristić, Mihailo; Solujić, Slavica
The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential use of the essential oil of Kitaibelia vitifolia Willd. in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oil of K. vitifolia isolated by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus were assessed. GC/FID and GC/MS analyses were used to determine the major components of the essential oil as sclareoloxide (cis A/B) 17.9%, sclaral 10.9%, labda-7,13,14-triene 10.6% and sclareol 9.5%. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was evaluated against the bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 13315, P. mirabilis ATCC 14153, and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633; and fungal strains: Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404. Antimicrobial activity was tested using a broth dilution procedure for determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The essential oil of K. vitifolia showed strong antimicrobial activity. Antioxidant activities of the essential oils were evaluated using the DPPH and hydroxy radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation and metal chelating assays. The results for antioxidant activity were compared with control antioxidants, ascorbic acid, gallic acid, α-tocopherol and BHT. Results showed that the essential oil possesses antioxidant activity, with total antioxidant capacity of 95.4±0.7 μg AA/g and IC50 values of 5.45±1.45 μg/mL for DPPH free radical scavenging activity, 26.5±1.6 μg/mL for inhibitory activity against lipid peroxidation, 79.4±0.4 μg/mL for hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and 39.9±0.7 μg/mL for metal chelating activity.
Subcritical water extraction as an environmentally-friendly technique to recover bioactive compounds from traditional Serbian medicinal plants
(2018) Nastic N.; Švarc Gajić J.; Delerue-Matos, Cristina; Barroso, M. Fátima; Soares, Cristina; Moreira, Manuela M.; Morais, Simone; Mašković, Pavle; Gaurina Srček, Višnja; Slivac I.; Radošević, Kristina; Radojković M.
© 2017 Elsevier B.V. Subcritical water extraction (SWE) has become a popular green extraction technique for the isolation of different classes of compounds from natural matrices. Low price, safety and green character of water, good yields of target compounds and reduced energy consumption, make this technique favorable for potential industrial applications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of four medicinal plants traditionally used in folk medicine of Serbia. Black mulberry (Morus nigra L.), wall germander (Teucrium chamaedrys L.), wild geranium (Geranium macrorrhizum L.) and comfrey (Symphytum officinale L.) were extracted by subcritical water at different temperatures. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was defined by conventional spectrophotometric methods, such as the total phenolic content (TPC), DPPH-radical scavenging activity (DPPH-RSA), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assessed by a DNA-based sensor. Additionally, the main phenolic compounds contributing to the antioxidant activity of the produced extracts were also identified and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). Antimicrobial properties of extracts were evaluated against eight microbial strains. Furthermore, the cytotoxic activity was observed for two human cancer cell lines and a cell line derived from murine fibroblast.
Summer savory extracts prepared by novel extraction methods resulted in enhanced biological activity
(2017) Mašković, Pavle; Veličković V.; Mitic, Milan; Đurović, Saša; Zeković Z.; Radojković M.; Cvetanović, Aleksandra; Švarc Gajić J.; Vujic J.
© 2017 Elsevier B.V. Satureja hortensis L. (summer savory) is herb from Lamiaceae plant family known by its usage in folk medicine and cooking. Despite these facts, this plant was not well studied regarding the application of nonconventional extraction techniques and utilization of prepared extracts. Thus, aim of this study was to prepare extract using conventional (maceration and Soxhlet) and non-conventional (ultrasound-assisted, microwave-assisted and subcritical water) approaches, to establish their chemical profile and biological activity using different assays and methods. Results confirmed the domination of subcritical water approach for isolation of natural compounds, following by microwave-assisted extraction. High performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC-PDA) analysis confirmed the presence and domination of rosmarinic acid in conventionally prepared extracts, while rutin and quercetin dominated in non-conventionally prepared ones. Antioxidant and cytotoxic assays followed the trends of previous analysis, where the highest activity was exhibited by subcritical extract. Thus, results showed that extracts may be applied in food and pharmaceutical industries for utilization.
The functional food production: Application of stinging nettle leaves and its extracts in the baking of a bread
(2020) Đurović, Saša; Vujanović M.; Radojković M.; Filipović, Jelena; Filipovic, Vladimir; Gašić, Uroš; Tesic, Zivoslav; Mašković, Pavle; Zeković Z.
© 2019 Elsevier Ltd Stinging nettle is an annual plant. This plant is known for applications in folk medicine, and as the human diet. The stinging nettle leaves has been used to obtain extracts, which are expected to be with a high content of biologically active compounds. Prepared microwave extracts were applied in the formulation of the functional products. The article completes preparation of the bread with addition of the stinging nettle leaves and its extract, and bread's composition in phenolic acids, flavonoids, micro elements, and macro elements. The biological activity of the prepared bread samples showed significant antioxidant activity. This was especially true against DPPH radicals. It has been shown that it holds a high cytotoxic activity. Leaves themselves decreased the quality of the bread, while the extract improved the quality. It was sensorially confirmed. The article concluded that the extract substitutes leaves in bread as a product of a high benefit.